There’s some chatter in online Mormonism about this leaked video of President Oaks speaking in Belgium and saying not much has been revealed about Heavenly Mother, or mothers, for whatever reason.

First of all, this is why in the past 10+ years in LDS feminist spaces, I’ve told women really hoping and seeking further revelation on Heavenly Mother to not ask our current leaders for their ideas on the matter. These are men whose parents were alive during polygamy and lived through the bumpy path of ending polygamy in this life. I believe most of these leaders don’t want to talk about Heavenly Mother because you can’t talk about her without talking about polygamy–and that’s something they’d like to leave in our past. Their current public stance is that it’s an old, ancient thing we have no association today. Yet most of our leaders DO have sealings to multiple women and look forward to those eternal relationships. I also think most of them believe that the central gender role for women is reproduction. So not only would a discussion of heavenly mother veer into polygamy beliefs immediately, but with embodied gods we’re also getting into race and heteronormativity, etc, and it all veers quickly to messy issues they’d like to ignore.

I also want to be clear: I am not against multiple sealings between women and men. This is one of the things that frustrates me the most: the church leaning into what I consider weak apologetic arguments for polygamy in the past (increased fertility/population numbers have been debunked, folks) and then trying to gaslight us into thinking we don’t believe in it at all today. It was just a temporary blip in our existence. We actually have reasonable justification for multiple sealings: we believe that our relationships on earth will mirror our relationships in heaven, and we want those to be sealed by the Holy Ghost, permanently linking us to the eternal family of God.

I have a direct ancestor who married her high school sweetheart as a teenager. He died in a train crash at 19 when she was pregnant with her second baby. She eventually married another widower who also had his own kids. They went on to have three children together. She wasn’t sealed to either man while they were alive, and near the end of her life, she decided she wanted to be sealed to one and have some of her kids be sealed to her in this life. Everyone knew that when she passed on, the sealing rules allowed them to perform the sealing of the spouse and children of the second group, but she still had to choose only one now. The group that was left out had the bitterest-sweet experience of watching their mother be sealed to some of their siblings — but not them. This was an entirely avoidable situation if our sealing practices were equal and fair. I absolutely believe in the next life this yours/mine/ours family will have their love and relationships honored. I believe these four men and women will have bonds that echo the love and complicated lives they lived on earth, and that God will not require my ancestor to choose only one of these men to be sealed to.

I also believe that it’s good that Elder Oaks wants to be and will be sealed to both of his wives in the next life, as long as he has consent. He would never want to choose, and shouldn’t have to, nor should a woman. It’s perhaps 1) a lack of imagination, or 2 ) not putting himself in a woman’s shoes, or 3) even not wanting to change long-held teachings of leaders before you, or 4) a mix of all three …..which keeps our unequal gendered sealing policies we live by in this life. I don’t see the harm in equalizing sealing practices and allowing men and women to have multiple sealings while alive, with the same clause stating that “everything will be worked out in the next life, and no one will be unhappy.”

The only reason we cannot do that is that we still believe and live by a polygamous hierarchical order in the next. Men can be sealed to multiple women if one has passed away, but a woman cannot. A woman gets only ONE sealing to a man in their lifetime–the only way for a woman to have a second sealing is to obtain a cancelation, and traditionally, those have been nearly impossible to come by and usually only with undeniable evidence of abuse. (There’s some anecdotal evidence this has lightened up and is easier to achieve?) Men can be sealed to multiple living women with a divorce and a clearance from the First Presidency, and they don’t need to have consent from their ex-wife.

When I took a Family History class from Doug Ladle at Ricks College, he explained our Polygamy practices by discussing the roles men and women have: men’s role is to GOVERN, and women’s role is to NURTURE. That’s why polygamy works in the order of heaven (and here he drew it out on the board like a pyramid MLM): men can fulfill their roles as governors over multiple women, but women can not have two governors over her. That’s the internal logic of our sealing practices, even though we have morphed our public beliefs (see the classic Chicken Patriarchy essay) about parents being “co-equal” leaders–our practices and policies are built on old doctrine and beliefs. We did change our sealing wording from where women give themselves to men, but men did not give themselves to women (bc polygamy). Still, when our leaders made that change, they ensured that a paragraph was added about how men are presiders over the family unit. There are also other places in the temple where wording differs by gender, allowing for a husband/god over multiple wives being “unto” him. We’re holding and living both teachings at the same time; there is no other reason for them not to change our sealings or temple wording to make them equal and equitable.

I am only interested in a doctrine of Heavenly Mother who is co-equal in power and not defined by reproduction. I’m not going to claim that I know anything about the next life (and wish more people, including leaders, would adopt the same stance), but I’m not convinced that eternal “creation” happens in the same way we think of human reproduction. And if any part of Doctrine & Covenants 132 is in the LDS Celestial Kingdom, I’d like to nope out to somewhere else. Please reread 132 with a lens of being someone who has never heard of the church, and you have no natural inclination to defend or try to soften its edges. Then get back to me.

It is okay to not be okay with this LDS version of the afterlife. It’s okay to have a different idea of how heaven is structured.

For example, I’d like to share a story that begins when I was the receptionist in President Bednar’s office at BYU-Idaho. He was also an area authority who visited stake conferences, and I helped by sending information about how he wanted the stake president to structure the meeting (the unwritten order of things, a nod to Elder Packer). Included were instructions that women not speak last in any of the Stake Conference meetings (also, they could only offer one of the prayers, I forget which one we were banned from). I had a stake president call me back a little flabbergasted, saying he was so surprised because he’d always assumed these gendered speaking/praying things were rogue folk practices. “I guess I was wrong,” he said.

Fifteen years later, I, a pants-to-church woman, moved into the Rexburg ward where Elder Bednar had lived. It took me a while to realize and pick up on it, but they did not allow women to speak last. The one time they asked me to speak, it was on Mother’s Day. With my background of infertility and experiencing my share of painful Mother’s Day talks, I was excited I could give one based on Eshet Chayil (Hebrew for Woman of Valor) that I learned from Rachel Held Evans: it’s not a woman’s role, but their character that makes them valiant. And then I would share stories of married, single, and infertile women who were Eshet Chayil. I asked the bishopric if I could speak last to have enough time to deliver a talk that I hoped would not hurt anyone in the pews that day. My bishopric was so disturbed by a pants-wearing woman requesting the last spot, they said they’d only let me talk if I cleared the whole thing in person with one of them first. I was very hurt, but was convinced that being able to give it was worth it. FYI they woke up on the day of and still insisted that the bishop provide closing remarks. I let it slide, and the stake presidency member there said it was one of the best talks he’d ever heard.

A few years later, I was called as bulletin coordinator, and it started bothering me to the point I reached out to an acquaintance in the new stake presidency to ask them to address women not speaking last in a training meeting. (Keep in mind, asking for women to speak last is CRUMBS) I’d recently brought another idea to him, and the stake presidency responded with a new policy that allowed for it. He encouraged me to reach out again because they believed revelation worked from the bottom up, too. Instead, he emailed back asking to meet with me one-on-one. Not knowing what I was walking into, I left my temple recommend at home just in case he wanted to revoke it (?!). My husband thought I was ridiculous for risking my good standing by advocating at all (for women). Apparently, the leader felt the same way, because he chastised me for being prideful enough to think I could correct a leader. He told me that even if my leaders are wrong, it’s not for me to disagree but only to submit and follow. He also suggested I stop speaking evil of the Lord’s anointed. He said that I cared too much about women’s issues and not the Lord’s issues, that heaven/patriarchal order are based on submission and I should do well to work on my own.

Now, at this point in my faith shift, I have rejected the order of submission that Umbrella Theology is based on. After years of questioning and studying church history (and US history, the civil rights movement, Black womanist theology, etc.) I feel that the spirit confirmed to me that heaven is built on interdependence. Most of you would not be surprised I did not accept all of this, and I gently pushed back by responding:

  • Aren’t women’s issues the Lord’s issues?
  • I don’t believe heaven is built on a system of submission, but rather on one of interdependence.
  • Aren’t we all the Lord’s anointed (who have gone to the temple)?

He wasn’t pleased with my inability to simply accept and submit to his gentle correction (I actually have gentle negotiation skills on heated topics in tricky situations), but we both ended the meeting amicably, though with a warning; he was worried about my pending road to apostasy. Honestly, people can think what they want. In my faith journey, I had enough development of independence and understanding of a personal relationship with. my Savior / God I knew (and know) that no one in an organization can disrupt that–even if he revoked my recommend, that didn’t make me less worthy or have a lesser faith or discipleship or relationship with God. I work out all of that on my own.

This is a really long way to say: the way we conceive the order of heaven has a lot to do with our beliefs in the role of women, polygamy, and the LDS doctrine of Heavenly Mother.

Joseph Smith taught and clumsily practiced (to put it mildly) a concept of a weblike network of relational sealings that mirrored the various types of relationships we have in this life, including romantic, friendship, platonic, and other forms of relationships. It was later that leaders spoke about how men collecting wives and children adds to the greatness and glory they can attain in the next life.

The challenge leaders face is that they’re currently teaching more of an egalitarian gendered practice, with a ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ it will all work out, and “Let’s not talk about Bruno (the polygamy we actually believe and practice with our policies).” They know this is a pain point, even if some of them have made it a punchline in general conference, and with statistics showing Gen Z women’s rates of leaving are higher than men’s — they certainly would like to let the sleeping dog (heavenly mother(s) lie.


Post Script, in case it’s clear as mud: I’m not sure I believe in embodied gods in the next life, but if I do, it is not one where men are in a gendered hierarchy over women in a one-to-many relationship. A many-to-many network of sealings? A council of mixed-gendered eternal beings deciding and creating (no viviparous spirit births!) together? Sure. But if our current leaders are referring to heavenly mothERS, that’s not at ALL what they mean.