Quite a few people enjoyed making the joke that JD Vance killed the Pope. Both Francis and the new Pope Leo were critical of Vance’s view that Christian love should be doled out based on proximity to oneself rather than applied universally. In Vance’s view, love is like concentric circles, placing the self at the center, and eventually the love wanes out as it gets to those who are less relevant to oneself, e.g. starving children in another country. Both Francis and Leo felt that Vance’s statements diminished the responsibility of Christians to show mercy and charity towards the poor rather than blaming them for their plight.

I was amused recently to hear about an emerging trend in Catholicism to discuss cultural clashes between “cradle” Catholics and “convert” Catholics.

1. Cultural vs. Chosen Catholicism

  • Cradle Catholics often see Catholicism as part of their identity and family history.
    • They may be more culturally embedded, with looser boundaries between tradition and practice.
    • Some may take the faith for granted, others carry trauma or fatigue from institutional experience.
  • Converts often come in with a conscious, deeply researched commitment.
    • Many are drawn to the Church’s tradition, liturgy, and moral clarity, especially if coming from Protestant or secular backgrounds.
    • They may take doctrine and liturgical norms more seriously than cradle Catholics who grew up with a more relaxed or cafeteria-style approach.

✝️ Tension: Converts may see cradle Catholics as lukewarm or casual; cradle Catholics may see converts as rigid, overly zealous, or lacking nuance.

2. Theological Rigor vs. Lived Catholicism

  • Converts often develop a strong attachment to orthodoxy, apologetics, and Church authority.
    • They’ve usually gone through RCIA, read the Catechism, and made an intellectual and spiritual leap.
    • Many engage in “online Catholicism” (YouTube apologists, blogs, trad forums).
  • Cradle Catholics may lean more on lived experience, local parish culture, and generational faith.
    • They may not have read the Catechism cover-to-cover but are deeply shaped by Catholic ethos (Mass, sacraments, holidays, school).
    • Some are more open to pastoral flexibility and synod-style dialogue.

🗣️ Tension: Converts may emphasize “what the Church teaches”; cradle Catholics may emphasize “how we actually live it.”

3. Liturgy and Aesthetics

  • Converts are often drawn to reverent liturgy—Latin Mass, incense, traditional music, and solemnity.
  • Cradle Catholics may be more used to modern parish life—guitar choirs, felt banners, and casual community Masses.

🎼 Tension: Converts may feel the liturgy has been watered down; cradle Catholics may see traditionalism as performance or inflexible nostalgia.

4. Belonging vs. Proving

  • Cradle Catholics often assume a natural sense of belonging in the Church, even if they disagree with aspects of it.
  • Converts may feel they have to prove they belong — by being more loyal, vocal, or orthodox than others.

👥 Tension: Converts may feel cradle Catholics don’t value the faith they inherited; cradle Catholics may feel converts are trying to “out-Catholic” them.

5. Political and Cultural Differences

  • Converts often arrive with strong convictions about moral teachings, especially in areas like abortion, gender, and marriage.
  • Cradle Catholics may be more diverse politically, or more inclined toward social justice, pastoral nuance, or skepticism of political entanglement.

🧨 Tension: Converts may be perceived as culture warriors; cradle Catholics may be viewed as too soft or accommodating.

What draws someone to Catholicism is often very different than what draws them to Mormonism. Converts to Catholicism might be drawn to the liturgy, the high Church, the ancient traditions, the smell of incense, the millennia of worship, the grandeur of the buildings, the feel of being part of something other-worldly inside the Cathedral. These are not features of Mormonism. Converts to Mormonism are more likely to be drawn to a sense of the modern or the stripped-down-to-the-studs features of worship in the Church, as well as the individuality inherent in having one’s own “path” to follow with increasing commitments toward temple admittance. Joining such a Church (in either case) is a choice, often cutting ties with everything one has been taught growing up.

And yet, none of these features are really what Church is about to those born in the faith. They could find those things appealing, but they were in their faith long before rational thought entered the picture. For them, Church is their family tradition, their childhood friendships, the teachers and leaders of their youth who wished them well and planned their activities. Church is memory and lived experience. Church is not a choice. Leaving one’s Church is the choice; staying is the default.

1. “Born in the Covenant” vs. Converts

  • Lifelong (cradle) members are often raised in the Church, immersed in LDS culture, family traditions, seminary, missions, etc.
  • Converts (especially adult converts) may come in with intense personal conviction, having chosen the faith despite family, social, or theological differences.

✳️ Tension: Lifelong members may take the faith for granted or embody cultural Mormonism more than theological depth; converts may be viewed as idealistic, overly strict, or “trying too hard.”

2. Doctrinal Knowledge and Zeal

  • Converts often come in with a deep study of LDS scripture and a strong commitment to doctrine (Word of Wisdom, chastity, temple worthiness).
  • Lifelong members may have been socialized into the faith more gradually, and sometimes blend it with cultural norms or personal interpretation.

📘 Tension: Converts may interpret teachings more literally or expect uniformity; lifelong members may roll their eyes or see that as naive or overzealous.

3. Culture vs. Global Faith

  • Many converts come from diverse cultural, racial, and national backgrounds, especially outside the U.S.
  • The LDS Church originated in a very Utah-centric, white, American cultural context that still shapes much of its institutional tone.

🌎 Tension: Converts may struggle to feel fully accepted if they don’t fit that mold; lifelong members may be unaware of how narrow or exclusionary their cultural assumptions can be.

4. Intellectual vs. Experiential Faith

  • Some lifelong members go through faith transitions, reconciling history, doubts, or social issues.
  • Converts often arrive with idealism and certainty, having resolved those questions to join.

⚖️ Tension: Faithful doubters may feel unseen; converts may feel destabilized by nuance or see “Nuanced Mormons” as disloyal or unorthodox.

5. Institutional Access and Visibility

  • Lifelong members, especially in areas with large LDS populations, often have deep social networks in the Church — family lines, leadership experience, BYU ties.
  • Converts may lack those informal pathways, even when highly committed.

🔐 Tension: Converts can feel left out of leadership or cultural inclusion; cradle members may unconsciously reinforce a kind of “insider privilege.”

This exercise can be done across various faiths (Evangelical Christianity, Judaism, Islam), and there are some patterns that emerge pretty consistently. Converts feel pressure to prove themselves, to out-righteous the complacent “lifers,” and they may be critical of the cultural congregants who take their faith for granted, but also seem to have extra access due to their insider status. Born congregants may roll their eyes at the zealotry of the converts, preferring the community benefits, the cultural norms, and extending grace to those with doubts who also want to participate.

It has always seemed to me that Catholics are a little more forgiving of “bad Catholics” than Mormons are of “bad Mormons.” That’s something I’ve seen as a feature of the longevity of the religion. When Mormonism matures, it will feel less threatened by doubters or non-conformists (e.g. in Catholicism, someone divorced would be considered a “bad Catholic.”) I’ve seen evidence of this in recent years as more Mormons express doubts or obviously do things like drinking coffee or not wearing garments. On the other hand, there seems to be a weakness emerging as community within the Church erodes. I’ll blog more about that in an upcoming post.

  • Do you see this tension between “cradle” and “convert” Church members?
  • How do you view this tension in Mormonism vs. other faiths?
  • Do you think Mormonism is handling the tension better or worse than before?

Discuss.