I just finished the book Invisible Women: Hidden Bias in Everyday Life by Caroline Criado Perez, in which the author details the gaps we have in society due to an assumption of a male default. Policies, employment, data (including AI), medical trials and healthcare, disaster response, government, and domestic life are all based on information that is gathered with “male” as the default. Men are human. Women are sometimes an afterthought, but often just assumed to be covered by the data gathered on the male experience. Some of the poor outcomes for women (over half the population, mind you) include things like more work injuries, fatalities in car crashes, untreated or mistreated symptoms in healthcare that lead to death, etc.:

Then, in my podcast queue this morning there was an episode of At Last She Said It in which Cynthia and Susan discuss the fact that the Church seems to be aware that women are leaving the church, but are going about addressing it all wrong. They cite a recent video by E. Uchtdorf, their personal favorite (OK, everyone’s personal favorite, right?) that falls disappointingly short of the mark. The gist of the outreach is telling women that they “belong” and that they “are needed.” It’s interesting because these seem to be things that are more important for men to hear than women. We know we are needed. We are needed too damn much, frankly. What’s in it for us?

This reminded me of Elisa’s excellent 2022 OP: Are Women Quiet Quitting Church? . In that article, she makes an astute observation that is exactly like the arguments made in Criado Perez’s book:

What’s particularly interesting to me as well is that I don’t know if the Church has a clue this is happening.  One of the very causes of disengagement—the fact that the Church undervalues and underutilizes women–also makes it more difficult for the Church to notice their disengagement.  Women don’t have the same trackable markers of advancement and activity than men have (no priesthood advancement).

Elisa also cites the example of tithing payment not being tracked for women due to the church’s antiquated “head of household” designations. This is a classic example of erasure of women common to patriarchal thinking.

The trend of women leaving organized religion is not unique to the LDS church. The reasons women are becoming disillusioned include:

  • Gender inequality and patriarchal structures. Many religions limit leadership roles for women and uphold doctrines that place women in submissive or secondary roles. Additionally, female-centered teachings on modesty, motherhood, and purity feel restrictive, shaming, and burdensome–ignoring the experiences of women and instead defining women from a male perspective, what women are in relation to men, not as autonomous individuals. Complementarian (vs. egalitarian) views of marriage and traditional gender roles are unappealing to an increasing number of women. “Why would I stay in a faith that views me as secondary or auxiliary?”
  • Harmful experiences. Many women have experienced spiritual abuse or manipulation by male religious authorities, dismissal or mishandling of abuse allegations (whether these occurred in a church setting or as women seek counsel from leaders for domestic or marital problems) and teachings that blame victims.
  • Intellectual or moral disagreements. As women gain education and critical thinking, they often question historical inaccuracies, dogmatic teachings that don’t allow for nuance, LGBTQ exclusionary policies, contradictions between religion and science, and human rights issues that churches ignore or downplay. Additionally, hypocrisy is more easily identified as women engage more in society at large and notice differences between standards the church teaches for its members and how standards are applied to leaders or organizations. “I couldn’t reconcile my faith with my values anymore.”
  • Burnout from emotional labor. This one is a particular concern with Uchtdorf’s message about women being needed. Women often carry the emotional weight of communities, and religious communities are no exception: volunteering, caregiving, managing social events, and catering to others. Women often feel used but not empowered, particularly when organizations limit women’s leadership.
  • Evolving spirituality. Some women gravitate toward more progressive or interfaith spaces, practices like meditation, mysticism, nature-based rituals, feminist theology, or deconstruction groups. “I didn’t lose faith–I just outgrew the container it was in.”
  • Politics and culture wars. As the current political partisan divide also includes a widening gender divide, women whose politics misalign with the majority political views of congregations or leaders may be particularly attuned to “culture war” rhetoric, and may choose to distance themselves from the church community as a result.

Different types of churches are dealing with the loss of women congregants differently. Here are some trends:

  • Conservative or fundamentalist churches (Southern Baptist Convention, Roman Catholic Church, Orthodox Judaism, many Evangelical churches) often double down on traditional gender roles (the tradwife trend), emphasizing biblical authority that gender roles are ordained of God. Women are praised for their service, but denied decision-making roles. While some women stay due to community or family ties, these religions are most prone to lose women as women’s concerns are met with dismissal or guilt. “God ordained men to lead women.”
  • Mainline Protestant Churches (United Methodist, Episcopal, Evangelical Lutheran, Presbyterian) actively ordain women at all levels, support LGBTQ rights, reproductive justice, and progressive theology. They also specifically work to create space for doubt and dialogue. These faiths are retaining and attracting progressive women, including from conservative religions, but they are still facing overall congregational decline in participation. “Come as you are–even if you’re not sure what you believe.”
  • Non-denominational or Megachurches (Hillsong, Elevation Church, charismatics) often show women as worship leaders or prominent “pastor’s wives” while still barring them from decision-making power. They often emphasize emotional experiences and belonging without shifting core gender doctrines. They attract women who seek connection and energy, but alienate those who want equality or accountability. “You’re empowered, as long as you don’t preach to or lead men.”
  • Progressive or Inclusive Faith Communities (Unitarian Universalist, Reform Judaism, Unity Church, Quaker, UCC) are often led by women, LGBTQ people, or people of color. Teachings center justice, inclusion, and spiritual autonomy. They welcome doubt, evolution of belief, and hybrid practices. These groups remain small, but are growing due to word-of-mouth, outreach, and refugees from Mormonism or Evangelicalism. “You don’t have to believe everything to belong here.”
  • No response. There are also many churches who simply ignore that women are leaving, even as they quietly disappear. “The church didn’t push me out. It just didn’t notice when I left.”

So, how is the LDS church dealing with women leaving, if it is in fact acknowledging it at all? Well, I’m not the expert on this, so I asked ChatGPT. These are the approaches it apparently thinks the Church is taking, which mostly line up with other conservative churches, with a few more details filled in:

  • Reinforcing traditional gender roles. Quelle surprise. After all it’s what other conservative churches are doing. You can see the church doing this when it focused on the following topics: motherhood, modesty, nurturing, male priesthood, and the Proclamation on the Family. It’s kind of insane to me that continuing to double down on what’s driving people away is viewed as a great plan, but that’s exactly what Criado Perez’s book showed. When “solutions” are all from a male perspective or based on male experience, women just quit participating and go around the system rather than using a system that wasn’t created for them, doesn’t seek their input, and may be irrelevant to their needs.
  • Symbolic inclusion of women. Pres. Nelson has been particularly bad at this one, but some of his predecessors did things like increasing the number of women speakers or those giving prayers at General Conference. He has added a token woman to most higher-level councils, although studies show that women do not speak up at the same rates as men, particularly not when they are the lone woman in a meeting. The mission age was also lowered for women, increasing participation, but not as low as men’s, and women do not hold leadership roles in missions. These “changes” might draw near with their lips, but their hearts are far from equality.
  • Emphasis on personal revelation and spirituality. While there is some emphasis on the spiritual gifts and influence of women, it is always restricted to operating within male structures of power, whether in the church or the home. Some women find this rhetoric empowering, while others find it deeply limiting.
  • Private concerns, public silence. There are signs (like those delineated by Cynthia and Susan in their podcast) that the Church is very aware of the trend of women leaving, but the church doesn’t really acknowledge this publicly. When it does talk about people leaving, it’s not discussed in gender-specific ways. Going back about 12 years, I had lunch with another Mormon feminist who has since left the Church. She was convinced at the time that the Church just “had to” respond as women were tired of being treated as second-class, as more and more Mormon women had feminist views. I disagreed, stating that church leaders would happily see every feminist leave the church rather than make changes to what works for the leadership. So far, I’ve been right. I was probably thinking of the never-disavowed Boyd Packer talk in which he identified the three enemies of the Church as: feminists, homosexuals, and intellectuals. I haven’t yet seen that the Church doesn’t still treat those groups as enemies.
  • Spiritual engagement. Focus on temple worship continues, but occurs under a male priesthood structure that’s hard to miss. There is more content to support mothers, single women, and young adults, including highlights of inspirational women, but in all cases, the women profiled stay within traditional frameworks.

Of course there are women who find the spiritual and community support they need in the church, and they are likely to remain. I often see that mothers of younger children enjoy the benefits of the community in particular. The emphasis on motherhood also might encourage mothers to feel responsible to pass their religion and community on to their kids. I can’t help but wonder how they will feel as their kids grow older, one or two of them identify as queer or trans, or their kids decide that despite their family tradition the church is just not important to them for any of the reasons already identified above.

  • Do you think the Church is noticing a gender shift in who is leaving the Church?
  • Have you seen the Church make efforts to meet the needs of women? Are any of these efforts successful?
  • What do you think the Church could do to retain more women or to attract more?
  • Is the Church concerned with women leaving or is it still considered more of an issue if men leave?

Discuss.