There’s a lot of discussion in the last few years, particularly among the younger generation, of cutting off “toxic” family members, refusing contact from them, and no longer seeing them. Maybe this is something you’ve experienced personally or maybe you’ve had family members who have made the decision to cut off contact with parents or other family members.

Here are some of the reasons this trend is on the rise:

1. Mental Health and Boundaries

  • Toxic Relationships: Estrangement often arises from unresolved conflicts, emotional abuse, neglect, or manipulative family dynamics. Many people prioritize their mental well-being over maintaining harmful relationships.
  • Therapeutic Awareness: Increased access to mental health resources has helped people recognize the importance of setting boundaries, even with family, to preserve their emotional health.
  • Caution: The increasing awareness of mental health can also be subjective and can lead to armchair diagnosis of disorders like narcissism, BPD, anxiety, autism, or bipolar. If you are ingesting a steady diet of mental health TikTok content, you might be misdiagnosing yourself or others and making decisions based on those assumptions, or you might be self-selecting for content that supports your preference to avoid conflict rather than being challenged to become more resilient, listen to alternate viewpoints, and experience interdependence and personal growth. I read a funny Tweet that illustrates this point.
    • Therapist: I think your parents are the problem. Based on your childhood trauma, maybe you should consider drawing some hard boundaries.
    • Patient: Yes, that makes sense. I think you’re right. They are toxic. I’m going to cut them off. But of course, they are the ones paying for these sessions.
    • Therapist: Hmm. Let’s rethink this and regroup next week.

2. Changing Social Norms

  • Individualism: In Western cultures, individual autonomy and self-fulfillment are highly valued. People may feel less obligated to maintain ties with family members who hinder their personal growth.
  • Reduced Stigma: Estrangement is becoming less taboo, with public discourse around it growing through media, books, and online communities. Support for estranged individuals has expanded, normalizing the decision.
  • Caution: While estrangement might resolve issues in the short term, it also increases the potential for loneliness, financial insecurity (both in times of need and eventually in terms of inheritance), and removes a possible support network for both parties (childcare and elder care). Sometimes a temporary estrangement followed by a rapprochement is a better strategy when both parties lack the skills to navigate conflict and negative behavior cycles. A trial separation in marriage doesn’t always lead to divorce. Absence (sometimes) makes the heart grow fonder.

3. Generational Shifts

  • Different Values: Generational divides in beliefs (e.g., on politics, gender roles, religion, or LGBTQ+ acceptance) can create irreconcilable tensions.
  • Parental Expectations: Older generations often emphasize filial duty, while younger ones may prioritize personal happiness, leading to conflicts over family obligations versus self-assertion.
  • Caution: Personally, I love that younger people are more assertive than they were in prior generations. We fought hard for them to have the freedom to be who they are, and if family acceptance is lower than societal acceptance, a “found family” can replace one’s estranged family. Older generations should be willing to accept their adult children for who they are, but it can be a tricky thing for people to navigate in those in-between years from dependent child to financially independent adult. It used to be that parents’ wishes dictated most of their child’s choices into adulthood, and that is no longer the case. Respect is a two-way street, and it must be earned and maintained.

4. Trauma and Abuse

  • Many estranged individuals cite childhood abuse, neglect, or trauma as reasons for distancing themselves from their families. This is especially common when parents fail to acknowledge or take accountability for past harm.
  • Caution: I have a hard time imagining anyone who doesn’t have some level of childhood trauma. Gen X specifically is the “latchkey / parental neglect” generation, who somehow turned that into helicopter parenting (not me, but others). If you were left alone, that was trauma. If you were never left alone and had too much supervision, also trauma. Basically, it’s not possible to parent perfectly, and it’s also a feature of growing up that you differentiate from your parents. Parents are themselves damaged, bringing their own childhood traumas into adulthood, and they may have been raised in an era where therapy was dismissed (or was not very reputable), or by parents who felt that you shouldn’t show emotion or “whine” (e.g. mental health = ignoring mental health).

5. Diverse Life Choices

  • Families may disapprove of life choices, such as career paths, marriages, divorces, or sexual orientation. This can result in estrangement when reconciliation seems impossible or when the family imposes rigid expectations.
  • Caution: I don’t see how a parent can reject their child based on adult choices. Our role as parents is to be that support network, the default. As poet Phillip Larkin put it, home is where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. When your kids quit being financially dependent on you, you quit getting a vote in how they live their lives. If you expect a relationship with them, it’s up to you to be open-minded and accepting. As to their partners, so long as they are being treated well, you should probably butt the hell out.

6. Impact of Technology

  • Increased Awareness: Social media and online communities have exposed people to alternative family structures and stories of others who have successfully distanced themselves from toxic relatives.
  • New Forms of Connection: People can form “chosen families” online or in their communities, lessening the dependence on biological relatives.
  • Caution: If you want your kids to choose you, you also have to be willing to choose them, as they are. But I would also caution that chosen families themselves may turn toxic, so learning some skills for dealing with people who lash out, are flakes, or become manipulative is also important. Ultimately, everyone acts in whatever they think is their own self-interest, and people come to relationships with traumas and skill deficits. Differentiating from your parents doesn’t have to be viewed as a rejection or grounds for estrangement by either the parent or the child, unless they let their insecurities get in the way.

7. Political and Cultural Polarization

  • Differences in political ideologies or cultural worldviews have increasingly driven families apart. Contentious topics like race, immigration, climate change, and public health measures (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic) have exacerbated divides.
  • Caution: Avoiding tribalism is difficult, but important. Knee-jerk reactions about something highly polarized are not very helpful. We can hear something a person from a different generation (or a different political party) says and immediately jump to conclusions when they might actually be more open-minded and less polarized than we think about a specific topic. We might hear one thing, and assume it’s part of a package of bad things that are all bundled together, but that’s not really how our brains work. I might care about three things that “people like me” care about, but not know much about or care about five other things that are assumed to be part of that same mindset.

8. Economic Independence

  • As individuals achieve financial self-sufficiency, they may feel less reliant on their families for support, making estrangement a more viable option.
  • Caution: This is true enough, but life circumstances can change. I’m also reminded of this exchange from The Breakfast Club:
    • Vice Principal Vernon: The thing that really gets to me is that when I get older, these kids are going to take care of me.
    • Janitor Carl: I wouldn’t count on it.

Research and Perspective

  • Prevalence: Studies suggest that 10-15% of families experience estrangement, and it’s more common between parents and adult children than among siblings or extended family.
  • Not Always Permanent: Estrangement doesn’t always last forever; some relationships heal over time, particularly if both parties work toward understanding and compromise.
  • Caution: Parents should realize that if their adult child chooses estrangement, it’s a choice that should be respected as them making the best choice they know how to make for themself. Kids should consider that people and circumstances change over time, and that relationship skills can help, as well as time healing wounds.

Religion is one thing that can inflame these tendencies toward family estrangement, like other high control cultures. I’m not convinced that religion causes these issues, but it certainly acts as an accelerant when parents feel insecure, fearful or become controlling of their increasingly independent children whose choices may feel like a rejection. Church rhetoric also encourages putting the Church before relationship health, and leaders sometimes give poor parenting and relationship advice based on their own experiences and blind spots.

I’ve seen many examples of stories about family estrangement that started because a child left the Church and family members who are still fully believing were extremely judgmental or harsh in response to the person leaving, calling them names or assuming the worst about their motives or behaviors. Likewise, LGBTQ “coming out” stories can lead to family estrangement. Regardless the type of “coming out,” the scenario illustrates the same tension: the individual’s need to be accepted for who they are rather than having to pretend to be (or believe) something else. If you have to pretend or play a game to be accepted, you are not accepted, and the relationship has limited value. And yet, growing up in a high demand religion doesn’t exactly give you great skills at navigating differences. As someone once said, people exiting a high control religion often have the social skills of twelve year-olds.

A corporate trainer I knew years ago gave this advice: “the person with the greatest understanding in the relationship bears the most responsibility for how that relationship goes.” His mantra appeals to the vanity of the one hearing it. If the relationship isn’t going well, you are theoretically the one with the greater understanding of it, and therefore only you can direct how to improve things. That doesn’t mean that every relationship thrives when one party is trying and the other is not, or when one is actively harming the other. Everyone has to draw the boundaries that make sense for their own mental health. A boundary allows us both to be who we are. Good fences make good neighbors.

  • Have you been in a relationship that was estranged? Was it by your choice or theirs or was it mutual? Did it improve over time?
  • Do you think this is a health trend or that it signals a lack of resilience and relationship skills?
  • How do you see the Church’s role in family estrangement? Is it helpful or hurtful? Does it depend on the individual?
  • Do you think we are losing cohesive communities in our quest for individual fulfillment, or that these communities were harmful and are best left behind if they stifle individual health and choice?

Discuss.