Sometimes I think Dave B and I are ruminating about the same things completely separately, and with slightly different takes. Today’s post is similar to his about the prevalence of lying in talking about the ways culture is shifting away from accountability and becoming more partisan, and how those same political games sometimes manifest in the Church.

First, a quick rundown of what I’m calling political dirty tricks. Specifically, a “dirty trick” is something that is not illegal, but it’s still unethical. Neither political party is immune to playing dirty tricks, but in recent years, the GOP under Trump has certainly been pushing some of these farther than they’ve been pushed before. But again, it’s not hard to think of examples from politicians of all stripes.

These strategies are often used to gain advantage, discredit opponents, or manipulate public opinion, even though they skirt the edges of ethical conduct. Here are some common examples of these “dirty tricks”:

1. Gerrymandering. Redrawing electoral district boundaries to benefit a particular political party, ensuring that a party can maintain power even if it doesn’t have majority support.

  • Why it’s legal: The party in control of the state legislature is typically responsible for redrawing districts after the census, and they can legally manipulate the boundaries to their advantage.
  • Why it’s unethical: Gerrymandering undermines democratic fairness by diluting the voting power of certain groups, allowing politicians to choose their voters instead of voters choosing their representatives.

2. Dog-Whistle Politics. Using coded language or statements that have a surface meaning understood by the general public but carry a specific, often prejudiced or divisive, message for a particular audience.

  • Why it’s legal: Dog-whistles are typically subtle and don’t cross the legal boundaries of hate speech or discrimination.
  • Why it’s unethical: It manipulates emotions and preys on underlying fears or prejudices, creating divisions within society without being overtly accountable for the message.

3. Astroturfing. Creating the false appearance of grassroots support or opposition for a cause or policy, often through fake social media accounts, paid protests, or coordinated letter-writing campaigns.

  • Why it’s legal: As long as the activity doesn’t violate specific campaign laws, it’s difficult to prove that the support isn’t genuine.
  • Why it’s unethical: It misleads the public into thinking there is broad support or opposition to an issue when, in reality, it’s orchestrated and paid for by interest groups, corporations, or political entities.

4. Push Polling. A type of poll that is designed not to collect data, but to influence voters by asking leading or manipulative questions that spread false or biased information about an opponent.

  • Why it’s legal: Push polls are framed as legitimate survey questions, which makes it difficult to regulate them under election or campaign laws.
  • Why it’s unethical: They disguise smear campaigns as legitimate polling and spread misinformation or exaggerated claims that can unfairly sway voters.

5. Character Assassination via Smear Campaigns. Using half-truths, innuendo, or misleading information to damage the reputation of an opponent without directly lying. This can include twisting facts or publicizing personal scandals.

  • Why it’s legal: These tactics are often based on facts, even if they are misrepresented or taken out of context. Freedom of speech protections make it difficult to regulate.
  • Why it’s unethical: It distracts from substantive policy discussions, manipulates public perception, and often ruins the reputations of political figures without offering constructive debate.

6. Selective Disclosure or Omission of Facts. Politicians might strategically disclose only favorable information or omit critical facts that could change the interpretation of a situation or policy.

  • Why it’s legal: As long as the information they present isn’t factually false, they aren’t breaking any laws.
  • Why it’s unethical: It misleads the public by giving an incomplete or biased view, preventing people from making fully informed decisions.

7. Filibustering. Prolonging debate or using procedural tactics to delay or block legislation from being voted on, often without any intent to contribute substantively to the discussion.

  • Why it’s legal: Many legislative bodies, such as the U.S. Senate, have rules that allow for filibustering to protect minority interests.
  • Why it’s unethical: It can be used to obstruct the democratic process, preventing the majority from passing laws or engaging in meaningful debate on important issues.

8. Flooding the Media with Disinformation. Politicians or their teams spread false or misleading information across media outlets or social platforms, hoping that by the time the truth comes out, the damage will have been done.

  • Why it’s legal: Many forms of disinformation don’t technically violate libel or defamation laws, and policing falsehoods can be challenging.
  • Why it’s unethical: It manipulates the public’s understanding of key issues or candidates and erodes trust in legitimate information sources.

9. Voter Suppression Tactics. Using legal loopholes to make it harder for certain demographic groups (typically minority or low-income voters) to vote, such as by implementing strict voter ID laws, reducing polling places, or changing voting hours.

  • Why it’s legal: Many voter suppression tactics are couched in the language of preventing voter fraud or protecting the integrity of elections.
  • Why it’s unethical: These tactics disproportionately target vulnerable groups, undermining the democratic process by limiting access to the ballot for those less likely to support certain candidates or parties.

10. Bait and Switch. Campaigning on one set of policies or promises to appeal to a particular group, then abandoning or changing course once elected, often because of hidden agendas or pressure from donors.

  • Why it’s legal: There are no laws requiring politicians to fulfill their campaign promises once elected.
  • Why it’s unethical: It betrays voters’ trust and makes a mockery of the democratic process, where citizens expect elected officials to follow through on their stated positions.

11. Pork-Barrel Spending. Politicians secure funding for local projects in exchange for political support or votes, often inserting these funds into larger, unrelated bills.

  • Why it’s legal: Lawmakers can propose amendments to bills, and pork-barrel spending is often buried within larger legislative packages.
  • Why it’s unethical: It prioritizes personal or political gain over the common good and often results in wasteful government spending that benefits a select few at the expense of broader public interests.

12. Exploiting Loopholes in Campaign Finance. Using legal loopholes to bypass campaign finance limits, such as funneling money through Super PACs or nonprofit organizations that aren’t required to disclose donors.

  • Why it’s legal: Loopholes in campaign finance laws, particularly after the Citizens United ruling, allow for these indirect channels of funding.
  • Why it’s unethical: It allows wealthy individuals and corporations to have disproportionate influence over elections and policy decisions, undermining the principle of equal political representation.

13. Rhetorical Evasion (Dodging Questions). Politicians avoid answering direct questions by giving non-answers, changing the subject, or responding with vague or irrelevant statements.

  • Why it’s legal: There’s no law requiring politicians to directly answer questions from journalists or the public.
  • Why it’s unethical: It prevents transparency, accountability, and honest public discourse, making it difficult for voters to assess a candidate’s true position on important issues.

14. Vague or Misleading Campaign Promises. Politicians make broad, feel-good promises during their campaigns without concrete plans for implementation, knowing they are unlikely to be held accountable later.

  • Why it’s legal: As long as these promises aren’t explicitly false, there’s no legal requirement for politicians to fulfill them.
  • Why it’s unethical: It manipulates voters by playing to their hopes and concerns without any intention of follow-through, leading to disillusionment with the political process.

These tactics often exploit loopholes in laws, take advantage of public trust, or manipulate social dynamics in ways that are technically legal but ethically questionable. By using these strategies, politicians can gain a significant advantage while eroding the integrity of democratic institutions and trust in the political process.

Now obviously, despite the concept of “common consent” voting that was briefly the basis for policy changes in the Church, the Church is not by any stretch of imagination a democracy. Even sustaining votes, which used to result in a meeting with the leader one voted “against,” now just lands the dissenter in a meeting with a local leader who has no power to do anything whatsoever and will likely convene a disciplinary court to boot. But that doesn’t mean that the church doesn’t have internal politics (all organizations do), or that they can operate with impunity against the wishes of members. The “success” of the ongoing race ban depended on the fact that nearly all Church members were white, and that they were also willing to go along with it (even if they wanted it to change). That’s not a “vote” per se, but it is an example of tacit consent of the governed. If those in charge piss off too many people in the ranks, accountability occurs in the form of membership losses, loss in tithing revenues, lower attendance, callings that can’t be filled, and the horror of horrors–negative press.

While quite a few of the political dirty tricks mentioned above don’t really have Mormon parallel, there are a few for which ready examples spring to mind:

Dog-Whistles. There is a strong tradition in the Church of saying one thing publicly, but in a way that members know is really something else. Polygamy was something that was being practiced secretly, while making very carefully worded public denials. Likewise today with the way the policy for sealing to more than one spouse differs for men than for women, and how the sealing ceremony is not an equal exchange of vows. We say we don’t practice polygamy, but these carefully worded ceremonies and policies point to what’s really going on. Additionally, statements like those on so-called political neutrality, and the statement about black lives matter protests, do a superficial both-sides lip service, but are really a dog whistle to conservatives, a wink and a nod that church leaders agree with them, not with those wicked Democrats.

Astroturfing. Two big examples I can think of for this one are the ERA and Prop 8. Whether church members really supported the Church’s position or not, they were assigned to phone bank and take political action to oppose women’s rights and gay rights through these two campaigns. This visible action created the impression that there was no dissenting view among the membership, that Mormons as a group were against women’s equality and against gay rights. Smaller examples of this approach (or you could just call it straight up lying) were when the Church claimed that there were no working mothers among the ranks of paid seminary teachers because they all chose to quit (when the policy was that they would be fired when they had a child), or when BYU claimed there was no demand for caffeinated drinks on campus, or when Pres. Hinckley claimed that there was “no agitation” for female ordination.

Character Assassination via Smear Campaigns. The Church has been engaging in smear campaigns of specific dissenters since Joseph Smith’s day, but has also pretty consistently engaged in smearing doubters as a group: lazy learners, didn’t really pray with sincere intent, left to sin, were easily offended, have a dark spirit now, and are “miserable” without the Church. These are all familiar refrains we’ve heard over the pulpit.

Selective Disclosure or Omission of Facts. Steve Hassan (creator of the BITE model) calls this undue influence, when people are asked to make important life decisions without all the information. Basically, Church history is full of unsavory facts that most members don’t know, and there was enough of a freak out when they published the gospel topics essays that they quickly buried them on the church’s website (not that people really read anything anyway). As a missionary, the lessons were definitely heavier on feelings and spiritual stuff and lighter on “10% of your income for life,” “no coffee or tea or alcohol,” and “Law of Chastity.” Additionally, the temple requires a lot of commitment on the spot in front your family when you don’t really know what you are agreeing to yet.

Bait and Switch. The example that immediately came to mind is the recent comments by E. Bednar and some others that once you’ve been baptized at age 8, you no longer have any choice in whether to follow Church teachings or not. If you’re a boy, you have no choice about serving a mission, etc. Clearly an 8 year old is not equipped to make fully adult commitments for life, so to me this feels like a bait & switch. Another bait & switch (to me) is changing the definition of apostasy to include any disagreement with a church policy. That’s never been the case during the first 55+ years of my life, and now suddenly it is? OK, boomer.

Dodging the Question. There have been quite a few “town hall” style meetings with leaders to address issues the youth are facing that have used planted questions or where the answers were to a different question than was asked, or where a letter that sounded fake as hell was used to ask the question leaders wanted to answer, worded in a way that supported their unpopular views.

Vague or Misleading Promises. The only real example that comes to mind is the hand-waving of concerns by saying that we don’t know how it will be worked out in the eternities, but it will all be fine, when someone raises a concern that the church either doesn’t have an answer to, or knows the answer is going to be unacceptable. I’ve also called this the “celestial lobotomy” approach. Somehow we’re going to be OK with things we find morally repugnant once we are dead. The simple fact of religion is that they can promise anything they want about what happens after you die because it’s unfalsifiable.

  • Can you think of examples of political dirty tricks that you’ve seen at church?
  • Do you think it’s justifiable since these actions are in an ethical gray area / not illegal, or do you think churches should be on morally higher ground?
  • Is it justified to use whatever means necessary to protect the church’s image?
  • Do dirty tricks protect a church’s image or hurt it in the long run?

Discuss.