Often in high demand religions like ours (or as one wise friend posited “wrong demand” religions), church members are hyper-vigilant about orthopraxy, watching for outward signs that an individual is breaking the rules.

On a recent tour in Tahiti, our tour guide talked about the usefulness some of the chiefs found in using “taboos” to control individuals who have been troublesome or demanding. The leader declares that the person’s problems have been caused by a curse and explains the actions that must be taken to undo the curse, things like only eating meals at specific times and not touching the food with your own hands, requiring others to feed the person. This process sidelined the “troublemaker” by taking away the luxury of free time that allowed them to complain or petition the chief. So long as they operated under the strict taboos, they didn’t have time to make trouble for the chief.

This concept reminded me of the strictures placed on Hassidic Jewish women as described in the memoir Unorthodox (also on Netflix–highly recommend!) I read Chaim Potok books as a teen, and these books described a world of orthodox Judaism from a male perspective, but reading Unorthodox, it seems to me that the men have it much easier. The women have rules around their menstruation, many rules around cooking and eating and cleaning, rules about conception and sex, gender segregation in worship, modesty rules, purification, and married women are required to shave their heads and wear a wig in public! When our heroine sheds her wig while wading into a lake, surprising her new friends with her shaved head, we can feel the freedom she feels. She is, for the first time, choosing her own comfort over the rules. She is trying to learn to value what she wants without being told what she must do, what she should want. Now that she is no longer in the Hasidic community, these strictures don’t make any sense for her.

Personal rebellion can lead to personal freedom by empowering individuals to break free from constraints, limitations, or oppressive situations that have been restricting their choices, self-expression, and personal growth.

  1. Questioning the Status Quo: Personal rebellion often starts with questioning the status quo, challenging established norms, and critically evaluating one’s own beliefs, values, and circumstances. This process of introspection and critical thinking can lead to a deeper understanding of one’s desires, needs, and aspirations.
  2. Breaking Free from Conformity: Rebellion often involves resisting societal or familial pressures to conform to certain expectations, roles, or behaviors. This can include challenging traditional gender roles, career expectations, or cultural norms. By refusing to conform, individuals assert their right to make choices that align with their own values and desires.
  3. Seeking Authenticity: Personal rebellion involves embracing one’s true self, including one’s identity, beliefs, and interests, rather than conforming to external expectations or pressures. Seeking authenticity allows individuals to live in alignment with their genuine feelings and values.
  4. Exploring New Paths: Rebellion often encourages individuals to explore new possibilities, whether in education, career, relationships, or personal interests. This exploration can lead to new opportunities and experiences that were previously unavailable or unconsidered.
  5. Risk-Taking and Courage: Personal rebellion requires a willingness to take risks and face uncertainty. This risk-taking can lead to personal growth and a sense of empowerment, as individuals learn to overcome challenges and adapt to new situations.
  6. Independence and Autonomy: Rebellion can be a path to gaining independence and autonomy, as individuals make decisions for themselves and take control of their lives. This may include financial independence, living on one’s terms, or choosing one’s own life path.
  7. Overcoming Fear and Limiting Beliefs: Rebellion often involves confronting and overcoming fear, self-doubt, and limiting beliefs. By doing so, individuals can expand their comfort zones and embrace greater personal freedom.
  8. Building Resilience: As individuals face adversity and challenges, they learn to adapt and persevere, which can contribute to their overall sense of freedom and self-reliance.
  9. Self-Advocacy: Advocating for one’s rights, needs, and desires can lead to improved communication skills and the ability to assert oneself in various life situations.
  10. Enhanced Well-Being: When individuals are free to live in accordance with their values and authentic selves, they are more likely to experience happiness, satisfaction, and a sense of personal freedom.

Those who break Mormon rules are considered “rebellious” by believing members, but perhaps that word doesn’t really fit the experience of breaking the norms of a community you no longer consider your own. Along with the charge of “rebelliousness” there seems an implicit agreement in an authority–the church or leaders–whose edicts must be obeyed; ignoring these edicts is considered rebellious if you agree that they are “binding” or that they have authority in your life, in other words, if you believe the church to be what it claims to be. But if you don’t believe that, then your actions are not “rebellion” so much as the freedom to make your own choices. You can’t rebel against an authority you don’t recognize as valid. Or maybe that’s what rebellion means, at least in the early stages, transgressing norms you previously adhered to in order to experience your freedom.

What does it sound like when church members consider others to be “rebelling” (rather than free)? Here are some examples:

  • They secretly know it’s true.
  • They are just too lazy or weak to make the sacrifices needed.
  • Wickedness never was happiness; they now have a spirit of darkness.
  • They are easily led astray by others.
  • They are addicted to [drugs, sex, porn, alcohol, coffee, tea].
  • They wanted an excuse to sin.
  • Their life is falling apart now (getting divorced, losing friends, etc).

To go back to the cult vs. culture discussion from a week ago, there are those who feel that they have escaped a cult; for them, perhaps rebelling is a more accurate description. Their need to break away from the bonds of authority and social norms might feel like a more deliberate act. While church leaders like to say “they can leave the church, but they can’t leave it alone,” for those who experienced trauma, the reality may be more like “you can leave the church, but the church doesn’t leave you.” It may feel like the voice of an abusive parent, stuck in your head, if you experienced religious trauma.

For others, the more apt analogy might be going from one culture to another; you adhere to cultural norms within a context. When the context changes, so do the norms. If you attended a school, for example, and that school had a specific dress code and curfew, you stop adhering to those rules when you graduate. You are now free to explore your own decision-making, to make your own rules about when to go to bed and what to wear. You no longer worry about the opinions of your classmates because they are no longer your social circle.

Of course, if you are still in the church, seeing people who have left it breaking the norms to which you still adhere can be distressing. There’s a reason people employ the “they left to sin” trope. Some may resent the freedoms other enjoy if they resent the Mormon rules that are being discarded by others. Or they may feel confronted with a need to defend to themselves why these rules are important to them, why they choose to continue to follow them. Or, if they do agree with and believe in the norms and rules, they may feel judgmental of those who no longer adhere to them. They may find it comforting to blame those who don’t follow the rules as morally inferior or to insist that they will be unhappy with their choices.

We’ve also talked here about the difference between a “high demand” religion and a “wrong demand” one. When rules feel arbitrary or indefensible, it can feel as though sacrifices members make are meaningless and taken for granted, only designed to reinforce group isolation, not to foster any moral growth. The more we ask of members, the more we foster judgmental attitudes, and the more people will resent those sacrifices if they eventually choose to leave the group. There’s a reason the Amish have Rumspringa, but the Presbyterians do not.

  • Do you see value in this framing of people who have left the church breaking the norms?
  • How do you distinguish between someone being free and someone who is rebelling?
  • How do you see members handling it when their family members or friends discard church norms and rules?
  • What norms do you think members are more tolerant about former members discarding? Which cause more distress and conflict?

Discuss.